SYSTEM REFERENCE DOCUMENT 3.5

Table: Armor Class Modifiers

Defender is . . .

Melee

Ranged

Behind cover

+4

+4

Blinded

–2¹

–2¹

Concealed or invisible

— See Concealment —

Cowering

–2¹

–2¹

Entangled

+0²

+0²

Flat-footed (such as surprised, balancing, climbing)

+0¹

+0¹

Grappling (but attacker is not)

+0¹

+0^{1, 3}

Helpless (such as paralyzed, sleeping, or bound)

–4⁴

+0⁴

Kneeling or sitting

–2

+2

Pinned

–4⁴

+0⁴

Prone

–4

+4

Squeezing through a space

–4

–4

Stunned

–2¹

–2¹

1 The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.

2 An entangled character takes a –4 penalty to Dexterity.

3 Roll randomly to see which grappling combatant you strike. That defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.

4 Treat the defender’s Dexterity as 0 (–5 modifier). Rogues can sneak attack helpless or pinned defenders.